3D Printing Safety at Illinois State University
Illinois State University’s Environmental Health & Safety (EHS) program provides guidance, oversight, and support to ensure that all 3D printing activities meet campus safety standards.
3D printing is an essential tool for learning, research, and creative exploration across Illinois State University. From academic labs to makerspaces and studio environments, these technologies allow Redbirds to prototype ideas, build models, and experiment with new forms of design. With this opportunity comes a shared responsibility to maintain a safe, healthy environment for everyone who uses or works near 3D printing equipment.
Understanding the Hazards
Ultrafine Particles (UFPs)
- Many printers release airborne particles during printing.
- UFPs can irritate the respiratory system and accumulate in poorly ventilated spaces.
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
- Heated filaments (especially ABS, nylon, and resin materials) can emit VOCs.
- Exposure may cause headaches, eye irritation, or respiratory discomfort.
Burn and Heat Hazards
- Nozzles, heated beds, and extruders can exceed 200°C.
- Contact can cause serious burns.
Chemical Exposure
- Resin printers use potopolymer resins that can irritate skin and eyes.
- Solvents used for cleaning prints (e.g., isopropyl alcohol) are flammable.
Mechanical Hazards
- Moving parts can pinch or entangle loos clothing, jewelry, or hair.
Required Safety Practices
1. Operate in Approved Locations
- Only use 3D printers in designated ISU labs, makerspaces, or departmental areas.
- Printers must be placed in well-ventilated rooms or inside local exhaust enclosures when required.
2. Use Approved Materials
- Only ISU-approved filaments and resins may be used.
- Avoid unverified or off-brand materials that may emit unknown chemicals.
3. Maintain Adequate Ventilation
- Ensure local exhaust ventilation is active during printing.
- Resin printers must be used with closed lids and in ventilated areas.
- PLA printers may be used in rooms with a minimum of 4 air exhanges/hour.
- Enclosures with appropriate ventilation/filtration are required for all other types of printing media.
4. Wear Appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
- Safety glasses recommended; heat-resistant gloves when handling hot components.
- Nitrile gloves, safety glasses, and lab coats required when handling resin or solvents.
5. Prevent Burns and Mechanical Injuries
- Never touch the nozzle, heated bed, or extruder during or immediately after printing.
- Keep hands, hair, and clothing away from moving parts.
6. Handle Resins and Solvents Safely
- Store resins in labeled, sealed containers.
- Dispose of resin waste and solvent-soaked materials appropriately. Contact EHS for proper hazardous waste procedures.
- Never pour resin or solvent waste down the drain.
7. Monitor Printing Jobs
- Do not leave printers running unattended unless the space is specifically approved for unattended operation.
- Stop the printer immediately if you notice smoke, unusual odors, or mechanical issues.
Post-Printing Safety
- Allow prints to cool before removal.
- Use tools carefully to avoid cuts or punctures.
- Wash prints in approved cleaning stations.
- Fully cure prints before handling without gloves.
- Dispose of contaminated gloves, wipes, and paper towels as hazardous waste.
Emergency Procedures
- Fire: Activate the nearest fire alarm, evacuate, and call 911. Use a Class ABC extinguisher only if trained and safe to do so.
- Chemical Exposure: Rinse affected skin or eyes for at least 15 minutes at an eyewash or safety shower. Report the incident to your supervisor and EHS.
- Spills: For resin or solvent spills, contact EHS for cleanup guidance.
Training & Authorization
Before using any 3D printer on campus, users must:
- Review the EHS 3D Printer Health and Safety Guideline Document.
- Review the EHS 3D Printer User and Operator Hazcom Training.
- Review the Manufacturers health and safety guidelines for the specific piece of equipment being used.
- Receive authorization from the lab supervisor or makerspace manager.
Contact Environmental Health & Safety
Environmental Health & Safety:
Phone: (309) 438-8325
Email: ehs@ilstu.edu
Website: ehs.illinoisstate.edu
Resources:
UL-200B - Guidance Document - Safe Use of 3D Printing for Higher Education